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Research with PICOT

Guide to researching with PICOT

Parts of PICO(T)

PICO(T) can be used by nurses much like a general research question. Broken down, it means: 

  • P= Patient, population or problem
  • I = Intervention
  • C = Comparison
  • O= Outcome
  • T=Time Frame

Note: Time frame may not always be applicable to your question. It can be used if you are looking at your intervention and comparison within a specific time, but is not necessary unless a specific assignment requires it.

Example

An elementary school nurse has noticed an increase in unhealthy eating habits among the students in her school during her career. She is interested in beginning a health promotion program in her school to encourage healthy eating within the school year.

  • P= Patient, population or problem
    • Q: How would you describe this nurse's group of patients?
    • A: School-aged children.
  • I = Intervention
    • Q: What main intervention is she considering?
    • A: health promotion program.
  • C = Comparison
    • Q: What is the main alternative to compare with the intervention?
    • A: No health promotion program.
  • O= Outcome
    • Q: What can she hope to accomplish, measure, improve or affect?
    • A: Healthier eating habits.
  • T= Time Frame
    • Q: When does she hope to implement the program?
    • A: Within the school year.